Renewable energy sources are gaining increasing importance in the global pursuit of sustainable development. Among these, biodiesel stands out as a promising alternative to conventional fossil fuels. Biodiesel is typically produced from vegetable oils through a process known as transesterification, which yields fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). Thes

The rapid need for reliable energy storage technologies has stimulated significant research into novel battery materials. Traditional lithium-ion batteries, while effective, face challenges in terms of capacity. Researchers are now exploring a wide range of cutting-edge materials, including sodium-ion batteries, to enhance battery efficiency. These